Unicredit, UBS, and Nomura have faced a multi-million euro fine for participating in a cartel related to European government bond trading from 2007 to 2011. The European Commission upheld the fines, with UBS facing the largest at 172 million euros, while Nomura and Unicredit received reduced penalties of approximately 126 million euros and 65 million euros, respectively. Seven banks were implicated, but others avoided fines by cooperating as key witnesses.